The age range was five to 56 years (mean 24) with six males and six females. All had respiratory symptoms and eight of ten had evidence of pneumonia on chest x-ray examination. Two died before hospitalization with no prior chest x-ray examination and their autopsy findings demonstrated tracheitis without pneumonia. Therefore, eight of 12 (67 percent) had evidence of pneumonia. Five of five tested had positive cultures or serologies for influenza B. Positive S aureus sputum cultures were seen in 11/11 as a result of purulent tracheitis or pneumonitis. Nine of nine yielded positive TSS toxin assays for either toxin-1 or enterotoxin B. Desquamation, which is an unnecessary criterion for a confirmed case of TSS if the patient dies within two weeks, occurred in seven of 12 (58 percent). The patients who did not display desquamation had died early in their clinical course, so that their findings may not yet have developed. Specific therapeutic regimens were described in four of 12; all of these received antistaphylococcal antibiotics and three of four survived. Overall, fetal outcome was reported in six (50 percent). These cases appear to define a new syndrome of postinfluenza TSS, although the recognition of this entity may have its origins in antiquity. canadianhealthcaremallcorp.net