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TNF-а, among other cytokines, initiates a wide spectrum of biological activities that help activate the host’s response to infection, and thus may play pathophysiologic roles in PPE. Odeh et al measu...
Even though the above-mentioned decision thresholds for pleural pH or glucose are commonly used to screen for CPPE, the evidence supporting this practice comes from consensus of clinical opin-ion. In ...
Thus, detection of gross pus means that patient has an empyema, which is an absolute indication for drainage. Pleural drainage will also most likely be needed for patients with positive pleural fluid...
Combination of pleural TNF-a and LDH in an “or” rule, wherein the pleural space would be drained if any one of the two results are “positive,” yielded measures for sensitivity (91%; 95% CI, 78 to 100%...
Various cutoff levels of TNF-a were tested for the identification of CPPE, and 80 pg/mL yielded the best results (Table 2). This corresponded to a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 78%, 89%, ...
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